The Start-up and precautions of diesel generators
1. Start-up precautions:
1.1 Preparation before starting – Before starting diesel generator, it is necessary to check whether the cooling water or antifreeze in the radiator is sufficient. If it is lacking, it must be filled up. Pull out the oil dipstick to check whether the lubricating oil is lacking. If it is lacking, add it to the specified “static full” scale line, and then carefully check whether there are hidden faults in the relevant parts.
1.2 It is strictly forbidden to start the generator with load – Before starting diesel generator, it should be noted that the circuit breaker must be closed. After the ordinary diesel engine is started, it needs to go through 3-5 minutes of idling operation (about 700 rpm). The temperature in winter is low, and the idling time should be appropriately extended for a few minutes. After the diesel engine is started, it is necessary to observe whether the oil pressure is normal and whether there are abnormal phenomena such as oil leakage and water leakage. If there is no abnormal phenomenon, increase the speed of the diesel engine to the rated speed of 1500 rpm. At this time, the generator shows a frequency of 50HZ (1800 rpm at 60Hz), and the circuit breaker can be closed and put into use.
The generator is not allowed to run without load for a long time. (Because the long-term no-load operation will make the diesel fuel injected from the diesel engine fuel injector not completely burned, resulting in carbon deposition, resulting in air leakage of the valve and piston ring.)
If it is an automatic start generator, it does not need to run at idle speed, because the automatic generator is generally equipped with an engine heater, so that the diesel engine cylinder block is always kept at about 45 ℃, and the diesel engine can be powered normally within 8-15 seconds after it is started.
1.3 Observe the working status in operation – During the work of the generator, there must be a special person on duty, and often pay attention to observe a series of possible failures, especially the changes in oil pressure, water temperature, oil temperature, voltage, frequency and other important factors. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that sufficient diesel fuel is available. If the fuel is interrupted during operation, it will objectively cause a load stop, which may cause damage to the generator excitation control system and related components.
1.4 It is strictly forbidden to stop with load – Before each shutdown, the load must be gradually cut off, then the circuit breaker of the generator should be turned off, and finally the diesel engine should be decelerated to idle speed for about 3-5 minutes before shutdown.
1.3 Observe the working status in operation – During the work of the generator, there must be a special person on duty, and often pay attention to observe a series of possible failures, especially the changes in oil pressure, water temperature, oil temperature, voltage, frequency and other important factors. In addition, it is necessary to ensure that sufficient diesel fuel is available. If the fuel is interrupted during operation, it will objectively cause a load stop, which may cause damage to the generator excitation control system and related components.
2. Safe operating procedures:
2.1 For a generator powered by a diesel engine, the operation of the engine part shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant regulations of the internal combustion engine.
2.2 Before starting the generator, you must carefully check whether the wiring of each part is correct, whether the connecting parts are reliable, whether the pressure meets the requirements, and whether the grounding wire is good.
2.3 Before starting, put the resistance value of the excitation rheostat at the maximum position, and disconnect the output circuit breaker. Start the diesel engine with no load first, and then start the generator after running smoothly.
2.4 After the generator starts to run, you should always pay attention to whether there is any mechanical noise, abnormal vibration, etc. After confirming that the working is normal, adjust the generator to the rated speed, adjust the voltage to the rated value, and then close the output circuit breaker to supply power. The load should be gradually increased to strive for three-phase balance.
2.5 The paralleling operation of generators must meet the conditions of the same frequency, the same voltage, the same phase, and the same phase sequence. Nowadays all these operations can be automatically and intelligently controlled by the auto paralleling control module.
2.6 The generators to be run in paralleling must have entered normal and stable operation. And the circuit breakers should be motorized with auto open and close function controlled by auto paralleling control modules.
2.7 After receiving the signal of “preparing for parallel connection”, the control modules adjust the speed of the diesel engine according to the whole device, and close the circuit breaker at the moment of synchronization.
2.8 The generators running in paralleling should adjust the load reasonably, and evenly distribute the active power and reactive power of each generator. Active power is regulated by the diesel throttle, and reactive power is regulated by excitation.
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